Khavinson V.Kh., Anisimov V.N.
Editor's note
Khavinson's own forty-year retrospective on the short-peptide bioregulator program — epitalon, thymalin, cortexin, and others. Read it for the framework, but understand the entire literature it surveys comes from his St. Petersburg institute.
Related literature
Khavinson V.Kh., Bondarev I.E., Butyugov A.A.
Khavinson's foundational paper claiming epithalon upregulates telomerase in human somatic cells. Provocative, Soviet-school methodology, repeatedly cited and rarely replicated outside the original group — read it knowing both.
Yoshino M. et al.
Ten weeks of 250 mg/day NMN in 25 prediabetic women improved insulin-stimulated glucose disposal by 25±7% — comparable to a major weight loss. No effect on body weight, blood pressure, lipids, or hepatic fat. The most-cited piece of human NMN data; small, female-only, single-site.
Martens C.R. et al.
The crossover trial that became the floor for every NR claim. 1,000 mg/day for six weeks safely raised whole-blood NAD+ — but the secondary outcomes (blood pressure, arterial stiffness, performance) moved only modestly. Confirms biology, not clinical benefit.
Cobb L.J. et al.
The Cohen/Barzilai group's case that circulating humanin tracks with biological age and falls in disease states. Mostly observational human data plus mechanistic mouse work; humanin therapeutics in humans don't yet exist outside trial protocols.
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